<section id="navPoint_15"><h5 id="v0-p-1027"><strong>8C</strong><strong>  </strong><strong>Meanings of </strong><em><strong>subsidiary</strong></em><strong> and </strong><em><strong>holding entity</strong></em></h5><h6 id="v0-p-1028"><em>Meaning of </em><strong><em>subsidiary</em></strong></h6><ul><li><span>(1)</span><p id="v0-p-1029">A corporate entity (the <em><strong>lower entity</strong></em>) is a <em><strong>subsidiary </strong></em>of another corporate entity (the <em><strong>higher entity</strong></em>) if:</p><ul><li><span>(a)</span><p id="v0-p-1030">the higher entity:</p><ul><li><span>(i)</span><p id="v0-p-1031">is in a position to control more than half the voting power in the lower entity; or</p></li><li><span>(ii)</span><p id="v0-p-1032">holds more than half the issued securities in the lower entity (disregarding any securities that carry no right to participate beyond a specified amount in a distribution of either profits or capital); or</p></li></ul></li><li><span>(b)</span><p id="v0-p-1033">the lower entity is a subsidiary of a corporate entity that is the higher entity’s subsidiary (including because of one or more applications of this subsection).</p></li></ul></li></ul><h6 id="v0-p-1034"><em>Meaning of </em><strong><em>holding entity</em></strong></h6><ul><li><span>(2)</span><p id="v0-p-1035">A corporate entity (the <em><strong>higher entity</strong></em>) is a <em><strong>holding entity </strong></em>of another corporate entity (the <em><strong>lower entity</strong></em>) if the lower entity is a subsidiary of the higher entity.</p></li></ul></section>